Top six countries by estimated general government gross debt; % of GDP, 2025.
This ranking compares six countries with the highest estimated general government gross-debt ratios in 2025. Japan leads at 229.6% of GDP, followed by Sudan at 221.5%. Singapore ranks third at 175.6%, while Greece, Bahrain and Italy range from 137.0% to 146.7%. All values use the same IMF World Economic Outlook measure and are estimates rather than final outturns.
| Rank | Entry | Value | Period |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Japan | 229.6% | 2025 |
| 2 | Sudan | 221.5% | 2025 |
| 3 | Singapore | 175.6% | 2025 |
| 4 | Greece | 146.7% | 2025 |
| 5 | Bahrain | 142.5% | 2025 |
| 6 | Italy | 137.0% | 2025 |
Source 1: World Economic Outlook, April 2026
Publisher: International Monetary Fund
Dataset/table: IMF WEO, general government gross debt
Evidence: Supports the 2025 gross government debt-to-GDP values and ranking.
Values are gross general government debt, not net debt, so they do not account for government financial assets. The 2025 figures are the latest available estimates rather than final audited outturns.
Nations are ranked by general government gross debt as a share of GDP for 2025, using a single IMF World Economic Outlook vintage so the values are comparable.
Same source, same year and same unit across all rows.
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