Nations ranked by total food-system GHG emissions, including food-related land use; Mt CO₂e, 2023.
National food-system greenhouse-gas emissions are ranked across seven nations for 2023. Values are million tonnes of carbon-dioxide equivalent and include food-related land use and land-use change. China ranks first at 2,453 million tonnes, ahead of Brazil at 1,563 million tonnes. Russia ranks seventh at 456 million tonnes, making China about 5.4 times higher.
| Rank | Entry | Value | Period |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | China | 2,453 | 2023 |
| 2 | Brazil | 1,563 | 2023 |
| 3 | United States | 1,277 | 2023 |
| 4 | India | 1,266 | 2023 |
| 5 | Indonesia | 1,197 | 2023 |
| 6 | Democratic Republic of the Congo | 558 | 2023 |
| 7 | Russia | 456 | 2023 |
Source 1: EDGAR-FOOD greenhouse-gas emissions
Publisher: European Commission Joint Research Centre
Dataset/table: National food-system greenhouse-gas emissions
Units: kt CO₂eq, GWP-100 AR5
Date checked: 2026-07-17
Evidence: Provides the 2023 national food-system emissions used in the ranking.
The measure covers the food system and includes food-related land use and land-use change. Shares are not presented because the page is a raw national ranking rather than a concentration analysis.
EDGAR-FOOD national totals for 2023 were ordered from highest to lowest after excluding aggregate and international-transport entries. Kilotonnes were converted to million tonnes for publication.
Every nation uses the same EDGAR-FOOD release, 2023 period, warming basis and million-tonne unit.
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