Gross domestic expenditure on R&D as % of GDP by nation, 2023.
R&D expenditure is ranked as a share of GDP across nations for 2023. The chart uses ten rows and gross domestic expenditure on R&D as % of GDP. Israel ranked first at 6.35% of GDP, 0.34 percentage points above Liechtenstein. The leader was 2.01 times Germany’s tenth-ranked value, and South Korea ranked third at 4.94%.
| Rank | Entry | Value | Period |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Israel | 6.35% | 2023 |
| 2 | Liechtenstein | 6.01% | 2023 |
| 3 | South Korea | 4.94% | 2023 |
| 4 | Sweden | 3.60% | 2023 |
| 5 | United States | 3.45% | 2023 |
| 6 | Japan | 3.44% | 2023 |
| 7 | Belgium | 3.27% | 2023 |
| 8 | Austria | 3.26% | 2023 |
| 9 | Switzerland | 3.22% | 2023 |
| 10 | Germany | 3.15% | 2023 |
Source 1: World Bank World Development Indicators
Publisher: World Bank Data360 / World Development Indicators
Dataset/table: World Development Indicators
Date checked: 2026-05-24
Evidence: Provides 2023 R&D expenditure shares of GDP by nation.
Gross domestic expenditure on R&D is a share of GDP and should not be presented as total R&D spending in current dollars.
Rows were filtered to nation entries and ranked within the 2023 World Bank/WDI gross domestic expenditure on R&D indicator slice.
All rows use the same World Bank/WDI R&D expenditure indicator, same 2023 period and same % of GDP unit.
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